AHS12 Thomas Seyfried PhD —Targeting Energy Metabolism in Brain Cancer

Thomas Seyfried, Ph.D. presenting at the 2nd Annual Ancestral Health Symposium (AHS12). Abstract: Despite modest advances in the standard of care, malignant cancer persists as a major disease of morbidity and mortality in children and adults. As a metabolic disorder involving the dysregulation of respiration, malignant brain cancer can be managed through changes in metabolic environment. In contrast to normal neurons and glia, which transition to ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate) for respiratory energy when glucose levels are reduced, malignant brain tumors are mostly dependent on non-oxidative substrate level phosphorylation due to structural and functional abnormalities in mitochondria. Glucose and glutamine are major fuels for malignant cancer cells. The transition from glucose to ketone bodies as an energy source is an ancestrally conserved adaptation to food deprivation that permits the survival of normal cells during extreme shifts in nutritional environment. Only those cells with a flexible genome, honed through millions of years of environmental forcing and variability selection, can transition from one energy state to another. We propose a different approach to brain cancer management that exploits the metabolic flexibility of normal cells at the expense of the genetically defective and metabolically challenged. This evolutionary and metabolic approach to brain cancer management is supported from studies in orthotopic mouse brain tumor models and from case studies in patients. Calorie restriction and restricted ketogenic diets (R-KD), which reduce circulating glucose levels and elevate ketone levels, are anti-invasive, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic towards malignant brain cancer. The therapeutic efficacy of some anti-cancer drugs can be enhanced when administered together with the R-KD. Bio: Thomas Seyfried is Professor of Biology at Boston College. He is presently on the editorial boards of Nutrition and Metabolism, Neurochemical Research, the Journal of Lipid Research, and ASNNeuro. His research involves gene-environmental interactions in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases including epilepsy, autism, gangliosidoses, and brain cancer.

Ovarian Cancer Part 1 : Obstetrics and gynaecology Video lectures

📌𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash 📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Ovarian Cancer Part 1 : Obstetrics and gynaecology Video lectures ‘Ovarian cancer’ is not a singular diagnosis, rather it is an umbrella term for a multitude of different types of cancer that affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the primary peritoneal cavity. It is estimated that there are more than 30 different types of ovarian cancer, and there is a very wide variation in incidence and outlook in terms of the different types. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of the female cancers for which there is no reliable screening test, and every women is at risk. With delays in diagnoses due to this lack of screening and because symptoms are often confused with other, less severe, illness, most women are diagnosed once the cancer has already spread, making it more difficult to treat. While every woman is at risk, ovarian cancer is overlooked and underfunded. TYPES OF OVARIAN CANCER ------------------------------------------------ There are different types of ovarian cancer tumours, which are named after the type of cell they come from, the three main cell types that make up the ovary. They are: Epithelial ovarian cancer Comes from the surface of the ovary (the epithelium), and is the most common ovarian cancer. Fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer are also included in this type of ovarian cancer. Germ cell ovarian cancer Comes from the reproductive cells of the ovaries. Germ cell ovarian cancer is rare. Stromal cells ovarian cancer Comes from connective tissue cell. Stromal cells ovarian cancer is also very rare. Small cell carcinoma (SCCO) of the ovary This is an extremely rare ovarian cancer and it is not certain whether the cells in SCCO are from ovarian epithelial cells, sex-cord stromal cells or germ cells. FIVE FACTS -------------------- Here are five facts everyone should know about ovarian cancer. A Pap test (cervical smear test) does not detect ovarian cancer Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage Diagnosing Ovarian cancer before it spreads makes it much more treatable Symptom awareness might lead to quicker diagnosis Common symptoms include: a. Persistent bloating b. Difficulty eating c. Feeling full quickly d. Pelvic/abdominal pain e. Urinary symptoms SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ----------------------------------- Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer Include: BLOATINGBLOATING Increased abdominal size / persistent bloating that doesn’t come and go EATING COMPLICATIONSEATING COMPLICATIONS Difficulty eating / feeling full quickly PAINPAIN In pelvic and/or abdominal areas URINARY SYMPTOMSURINARY SYMPTOMS Urgent or frequent urination Occasionally, there can be other symptoms, such as: Changes in bowel habits Abnormal bleeding – Any post-menopausal bleeding should always be checked by your primary health care provider or doctor. Extreme fatigue Unexplained weight loss DETECTION & TESTING -------------------------------------- There is no routine, simple screening test to accurately detect ovarian cancer. Contrary to popular belief, cervical screening (i.e.: Pap smear) will not detect ovarian cancer. Cervical screening is effective in early detection of cervical cancer, but it is not a test for ovarian cancer. That is why being aware of ovarian cancer and its symptoms are important. If you have signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer, speak to your doctor. The pathway to diagnosis includes: Pelvic exam Transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound CA-125 blood test In some cases, doctors may also use a CT scan or PET scan as part of the diagnostic process. The only definitive way to determine if a patient has ovarian cancer is through a biopsy. #ovariancancer #reproduciveoncology #gynecologicaloncology #gynecology #obstetrics #neetpg #mbbs #usmle #usmlestep1 #obgapp #obgvideos #oncology #mbbsvideos

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